岁月的童话

高 考 必 备 词 汇 辅 导(1)
按照新《课标》和《考纲》的要求，精心挑选了近400个高考必备词汇进行串讲，按照精选、精讲的思路，采取以点带面的方法，把词汇的基本含义与基本用法（特别是常见搭配）结合起来，以帮助在词汇复习中点面结合，形成系统。
1.accident  n．事故，意外的事
by accident 偶然，无意中   I only found it by accident.
2.act  vi．行动；做事 vt.＆ vi．表演；扮演；演出 n．法令，条例
The time for talking is past; we must act at once.
She acts well.
Who is going to act the part of Hamlet?
They have passed an act.
1)     act as..． 充任某角色；担任某工作
I don't know their language; you'll have to act as an interpreter.
2)     act out  把……表演出来；将……付诸行动
Work in groups of four and act out the dialogue.
3.add  vt.& vi．加，增加；接着说
1) add to sth．增添   The trees add to the beauty of our school.
2) add up to 合计达   These numbers add up to 100.
4.afford  vt．负担得起（……的费用、损失、后果等）；抽得出（时间）；提供
1)     afford  (to do) sth.
They walked be-cause they couldn't afford (to take) a taxi.
2)     afford sth. to sb./ afford sb. sth.
Television affords pleasure to Tina.
5.ahead  adj. ＆ adv. 在前面，在前头
1)ahead of  在……前面，比……早
Betty finished the test ahead of the others.
2)go ahead 继续干；说下去
I said I had a favor to ask him. “Go ahead,” he said.
6.all  adj．所有的 ；adv．都；pron．全部，全体
1)     all over 在……各地；在整个……;浑身
We have friends all over the world． He was shivering all over．
If he finds out, it'll be all over between you.
2) in all  总计，全部   There were twelve in all in the party.
3) not at all 一点也不；别客气
I don't agree at all.
-It's very kind of you．    -Not at a11.
4) all at once  突然       All at once it began to rain.
5) all of a sudden  突然
We were sitting peacefully at dinner when all of a sudden the lights went out.
6) all the same  尽管如此，仍旧（照样）
You say the bridge is safe; I shall take care all the same.
7.alone  adj.（只作表语）单独的；adv．单独地，独自
I'm all alone at present.
You shouldn't have let her go off alone.
1)     leave  sb. alone  别打扰（某人），让……一人待着
I think we should leave her alone for the moment at least.
2)     let alone  更不用说
He hasn't enough money for food, let alone amusements.
8.answer  n. & vt. 回答，答案；答复
Who knows the answer to the puzzle?
She answered nothing but she was no doubt enjoying herself.
answer for  对……负责，对……承担责任
You'll have to answer for your wrong doing one day.
9.anxious  adj. 忧虑的；渴望的      
I'm really anxious to see him.
1) be anxious about 为……担心；担忧
Mother felt anxious about the children who had been out for too long.
2) be anxious for 渴望得到    Dick is anxious for a bicycle.
10.as  adv．同样地;conj．像……一样；当……的时候；因为，由于；prep．作
Tom runs fast, but I run just as fast.
  When in Rome do as the Romans (do).
As I left the house I remembered the key.
As all the seats were full he stood up.
He works as a teacher.
1) as…as… 像；如同     I didn't think she could run as fast as that.
2) not so…as… 不像；不如   That's not so simple as it sounds.
3) as if / though  好像，似乎
I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday.
4) as a matter of fact  实际上
As a matter of fact, I don't know what you're talking about.
5) as a result (of)  结果，由于……
As a result he had been given an excellent job.  
He lost his job as a result of his laziness.
6) as... as possible  尽可能，尽量
Just get them to finish up as quickly as possible.
7) as usual 像平常一样   She would go home, as usual, for Christmas.
8) as / so long as 只要   I'm happy as long、as you are happy.
9) as soon as  一……就    I'll write you as soon as I get there.
10) as far as （表示程度、范围）就……；尽……
I don't think she had much money on her as far as I know.
11) as well (as) 也，还 ; 除……之外（也、还）
They all do military as well.
We cannot expect her to do homework as well as look after the children.
11.ashamed  adj．羞耻的，惭愧的，害躁的
1) be ashamed to do sth  因为羞愧等而勉强做某事
I am ashamed to leave you this way.
2) be ashamed of sth (for sth) （由……）而为……感到羞愧
I'm ashamed of myself for that.
12.aside  adv．在旁边，到旁边
1) lay aside 积蓄   She had managed to lay aside three dollars.
2) set aside  放在一边，不予理会；留出
Peter set aside the papers he was marking and reached for his cigarettes and matches.
He tried to set aside a few minutes each day for his exercises.
13.attend  n.（医生、护士等）看护，照料，服侍；出席，参加
The patient has three nurses attending (on) him.
Lester did not attend the wedding.
attend to 专心；注意; 照看，照料
“I will attend to that,”said the lawyer．
If you go out, who will attend to the baby?
attention n．注意
1) pay attention to 注意
He did not pay close attention to these details.
2) attract / catch／draw／get sb's attention to  吸引某人注意……
He is very quiet and doesn't draw much attention to himself.
3) focus one's attention on／devote one's attention to 专心于……
Lenin devoted much attention to the training work.
4) direct / turn one's attention to  将注意力转向……
The teacher turned the children's attention to the chalkboard.
5) stand at attention   立正站着
The children stood at attention when the flag was raised.
14.balance  n．平衡
1) keep one's balance  保持平衡；保持冷静
Don't get excited, keep your balance.
2) lose one's balance  失去平衡；慌乱
He was surrounded by so many dangers that he lost his balance.
15.base  n．基础；基地; vt．基于；以……为根据
base on / upon…  把……建立在，以……为基础
Alice always bases her opinions on facts.
16.break  n．打破（断，碎）；损坏，撕开 n.间隙
1) break away from 脱离……   He broke away from all his old friends.
2) break down （机器等）坏了；（身体）垮了；分解
We are sorry to arrive late, but the car broke down.
Her health broke down under the pressure of work．
After many years, rocks break down into dirt.
3) break in  强行进入；插嘴
Thieves broke in while the family was away.
I could tell the story much more easily if you didn't break in so often.
4) break off  中断；停止
When Bob came in, Jean broke off her talk with Linda and talked to Bob. Let's break off (work) and have some tea.
5)     break out （战争等）突然发生，爆发
The Second World War broke out in September 1939.
6) break up  分开；分裂
The police in plain clothes tried to break up the crowd.
17.charge  v．要求收费；索价；将（电池）充电；指控；猛攻  n．费用，价钱
1) charge (sb.) sth.  (for sth.) 要价
They charged me 10 dollars for a cup of coffee!
2) charge sb. with sth． 以某…指控某人   He was charged with murder.
3) in charge of  管理，支配     in the charge of  受管理，被支配
The manager is in charge of the company.
The company is in the charge of the manager.
18.combine  vt．使联合；使结合
combine  A with (and) B 同时做（不止一件事）；兼有
combine business with pleasure.
19.come  vi．来，来到
1) come about 发生，产生   How did the accident come about?
2) come down 落，下来；倒下；流传下来
The old temple came down.
This song came down to us from the 10th century.
3) come into 进入；得到 come into being 产生; come into fashion 开始流行; come into sight 看见; come into power 当权
4) come off 从离开，脱落；举行；成功；进展
When's the wedding coming off?
His attempt to break the world record came off.
He always comes off badly in fights.
5) come out 出来，（书等）出版，发行；发芽；（意思）表达清楚
This magazine comes out once a month.
Many flowers come out in May.
The meaning of speech didn't come out well.
6) come to 共计，达到；苏醒
His earnings come to $6000 a year.
After a while, he came to himself.
7) come up 上升，抬头；被提及
We watched the sun come up.
The subject came up at the meeting.
8) come up with 追上，赶上；想出（主意）
We have to work hard to come up with them.
Come up with a peaceful solution.

岁月的童话

高 考 必 备 词 汇 辅 导(2)
20.common  a．普通的，一般的，共有的
1) have sth. (nothing) in common 有（无）共同之处
The two brothers have nothing in common.
2) in common with  像……一样，和……一样
In common with many young people, he enjoys rock music.
21.compare  vt．比较，对照
1) compare with  与…比较
If you compare rock music with pop music, you’ll find many differences.
2) compare to 比喻为      Women are often compared to flowers.
22.connect  vt．连接，把……联系起来
1) connect to 连接，相连；接通（电话、电源）
Connect the fridge to the electricity supply.
2) connect with 与……连接；尤指车船衔接
This wire connects with that one.
This early bus from the village connects with the 8:30 train.
23.consist  vi．由……组成，由……构成
consist of  由……构成；包含有
This soup consists of tomatoes, meat and peas.
24.content  adj．甘愿的，满意的
be content with / to do 满足；愉快
Are you content with your present salary?
He is content to stay where he is.
25.devote  vt．把……奉献，把……专用于
1) devote one's life／one's time／one's energy / oneself to (doing) sth．献身于，致力于
He devoted himself to reading.
He devoted his life to education.
2) be devoted to 献身于，专心于 be devoted to one's country 精忠报国
26.die  vi．死               
1) die from 死于（外伤或车祸）die from a wound／a car accident／overwork / drinking
2) die of 死于（疾病、饥饿、悲伤等）die of an illness／hunger／grief／old age / a fever
3) die out 灭绝，消失
Many kinds of wild animals are dying out.
Old traditions are dying out.
4) die down 逐渐减弱、降低 flames /storms／pain / rumors / wind die(s) down
5) die away（风、声音）减弱 the noise /the breeze dies away
27.doubt  n.＆v．怀疑，疑惑
1)在肯定句中，doubt后宾语从句要用whether, if, when, what等引导
I doubt whether he will come.
2)在否定或疑问句中，doubt后宾语从句要用that引导
Does anyone doubt that it is true?
3) doubt about 怀疑    He has doubts about everything.
28.drop  n．滴v．掉下，落下；投递；放弃
1) drop sb. a line 给某人写封便信   He dropped me a line before he left.
2) drop in (on sb./ at some place) 顺便拜访
Let's drop in on him on our way home.
3) drop behind 落后        He walked slowly and soon dropped behind.
4) drop off 逐渐减少       Traffic accidents have dropped off recently.
29.due  adj．预期的；约定的
1）应付的，到期的       The rent is due tomorrow.
2) due to 由于          The team's success was due to her efforts.
30.effort  n．努力，艰难的尝试
1) make every effort 尽一切努力  I will make every effort to arrive on time.
2) spare no effort 不遗余力     He spared no effort to realize his dream.
31.engage  vt．使从事某事；订婚
1) be engaged in (doing) sth．从事某事；忙于做某事 He is engaged in business.
2) be engaged to sb．和某人订婚                Tom is engaged to Anne.
32.fade  vi．褪色，（颜色）消退     Will the color in this material fade?
1) fade (away)（从视野中、听力范围中、记忆中等）逐渐消失，变得模糊不清
As evening came, the coastline faded into darkness.
The sound of the cheering faded (away)in the distance.
2)  fade away（指人）散开；死亡
The crowd just faded away.
She is fading away（=dying）.
33.familiar  adj.熟悉的；随便的
His manner is too familiar.
The children are too familiar with their teacher.
1) sb. be familiar with sth.／sb.（人）对某事／某人熟悉
I am not very familiar with botanical names.
He is familiar with famous people in the political world.
2) sth. be familiar to sb.（事）为某人熟悉
Your name is very familiar to me.
34.few  pron．不多；少数   adj．不多的；少数的
1) a good few (=quite a few, many)相当多，不少
She has a good few friends here.
2) only a few 仅有几个   She made only a few mistakes in the exam.
35.figure  n．数字；图形（案）；图像；身材；体态;出现；想，估计；计算
1) figure in sth．把……计算（包括）在内
Have you figured in the cost of food for our holiday?
2) figure on sth．计划；指望
I figure on going there on Monday.
We figure on your coming early.
3) figure out 计算出；理解，弄明白
Have you figured out how much the holiday will cost?
I couldn't figure out who he was.
36.find  vt．发现，找到，发觉
1) find oneself…   发现自己处于某种状态
He found himself in hospital when he woke up.
2) find it + adj. (for sb.) to do   感觉某事很……
We found it hard to learn English well.
3) find out  搞清楚，弄明白
Have you found out why he was late?
37.firm  adj．坚固的，坚定的  adv．稳固地；牢牢地
hold firm 固守；stand firm 站得稳
38.fit  adj. 健康的，适合的   v.（使）适合安装
1) be fit for 胜任             He isn't fit for the job.
2) be fit to do 适合           The food was not fit to eat.
3) keep fit 保持健康           We do sports every day to keep fit.
39.fix   vt. 修理；安装；确定；决定
1) fix a date / a time for…      安排，确定（日期）
Let's fix a date for the party.
2) fix one's eyes / attention on sth．盯住，凝视
He fixed his eyes on the screen.
3) fix up 修理好；解决；安排
He fixed up the radio by himself.
He fixed me up in his house last night.
40.flight  n．航班；楼梯的一段     a flight of stairs 一段楼梯
41.follow  vt．跟随；仿效；跟得上
1) It follows that… 必然有……后果
Because a man is rich, it doesn't follow that he is happy.
2) as follows 如下           The reasons are as follows.
3) follow the advice 遵照嘱咐
42.forbid   vt．禁止，不许  
forbid doing sth.禁止做某事;  forbid sb. to do sth．禁止某人做某事
43.free  adj．自由的；空闲的；免费的
1) be free from 免受……（侵害）
We hope our city can be free from pollution.
2) be free to sb．对……免费      The hotel is free to the old.
3) feel free（用于表示同意）随便去做某事
“May I use your phone?”“ Feel free.”
44.future  n．将来
1) in the future将来     No one knows what will happen in the future.
2) in future= for the future 今后
Be careful with your homework in future (for the future).
45.gain  vt.赢得；挣得    vi．前进；获利
1) gain weight= put on weight 体重增长
2)（钟表）走快           My watch gains five minutes a day.
46.general  adj．大体的，笼统的，总的
1) in general 总的说来           In general her work has been good.
2) generally speaking 一般说来
Generally speaking, men are stronger than women.
47.get  vt．成为；得到；具有；到达
1) get along  (with) 进展；与某人相处
How are you getting along with your studies／classmates?
2) get away 逃脱；离开  I won't be able to get away from office before seven.
3) get close (to)接近   He got close to the bank robber, then kicked him.
4) get down to (doing) sth．开始认真考虑做某事
It's time I got down to some serious work.
5) get in 进入；收获；到达
The train got in late.
The farmers are busy getting in the crops.
6) get into sth．开始某事 get into an argument；熟悉某事物I haven't really got into my new job yet.；染上恶习get into bad habits;对某事物感兴趣I'm really getting into jazz these days.
7) get off 脱衣；下车；出发 Get off your wet clothes.
We got off immediately after breakfast.
8) get on 上车；生活 get on the bus / He is getting on well at school.
9) get over 克服 get over the difficulties;恢复常态 He never got over the shock of losing his wife.；向某人讲清楚 She didn't really get her meaning over to her audience.
10) get through 通过；拨通（电话）；做完；用掉 get through an exam / He called many times, but couldn't get through.／She gets through forty cigarettes a day. / We have a lot of work to get through.
48.gift  n. 赠品，礼物
have a gift for有某种天赋      He has a gift for music.
49.give  v．给；递给；付出；给予
1) give away 送掉，分发 He gave away most of his money to charity.；放弃（机会）They gave away their last chance of winning the match.；泄密，出卖The smile on his face gave him away.
2) give back 归还；恢复  The operation gave him back the use of his legs.
3) give in 屈服，让步；上交   A real hero never gives in to anybody.
4) give out 分发 The teacher gave out the examination papers.；用完，耗尽 Their food supply / Her patience gave out.；机器出故障 One of the  plane's engines gave out in mid-Atlantic.；发出 give out heat / news /a shout
5) give off 散发give off smell / heat /light
6) give up 放弃 She doesn't give up easily. / You should give up smoking.
50.glance  vi．匆匆一看；一瞥    glance at匆匆一看
He glanced at his watch and left in a hurry.
51.go  vi．去；走；驶；通到；到达
1) go ahead 开始；（表示）同意
We have permission to go ahead with the project.
“ May I use the phone?”. “Yes, go ahead.”
2) go after  追逐，追求     We are both going after the same job.
3) go against 抵抗，反对；对……不利
Don't go against your parents' wishes.
The war is going against us.
4) go Dutch 各付各的钱    Let's go Dutch.
5) go for 主张；喜欢；去找人   Let me go for a doctor.
Do you go for modern music?
6) go in for 参加，对……感兴趣  She goes in for a lot of sport.
7) go into 撞上；开始做某事；调查  She went into fits of laughter.
We need to go into the details.
8) go off走开；爆炸；对……失去兴趣     The alarm／bomb went off.
I've gone off beer.
9) go out 出去；熄灭     The fire has gone out.
10) go over 仔细检查；复习 You need to go over your lessons before the exam.
11) go through 浏览；翻阅；经历；用完 go through the test paper / the book / a hard time/ all my money
12) go wrong 出毛病     Something has gone wrong with the machine.


[ 本帖最后由 岁月的童话 于 2007-3-29 18:33 编辑 ]

岁月的童话

高 考 必 备 词 汇 辅 导(3)
52.grateful  adj．感激的，感谢的
be grateful to sb. for sth．因某事感谢某人   
I'm grateful to you for your help.
53.greedy  adj．贪婪的
be greedy for sth．贪婪的；渴望的 be greedy for power / information./ knowledge
54.grow  vt.生长；发育；种植；变成
grow out 年龄增长不再做某事  They have grown out of children's games.
55.guilty  adj．有罪的；犯法的；做错事的
be guilty of 有……罪的   He is found guilty of negligence（玩忽职守）．
56.hang  vi. & vt．吊着，悬挂（hung / hung）;绞死，吊死（hanged / hanged） A colored re-production of Raphael hung on the wall over the sofa.
The murderer was hanged this morning.
1) hang over 威胁着（要发生）；留待解决，遗留下来
Great trouble hangs over the little town because its only factory has closed down.
The committee took up the business that hung over from its last meeting.
2) hang on to 抓住……不放
The child hung on to her mother's hand as they crossed the street.
57.harmony  n.和谐
The designer's aim is to produce a harmony of shape and texture.
in harmony with 和……一致      His tastes are in harmony with mine.
58.hold  vt.＆n.拿；抱；握住；举行；进行
1) hold on（电话）别挂    Wait. Hold on a minute!
2) hold on to 抓住（不放），抓牢
Don't panic; just hold on to the rock and I'll come and fetch you down.
3) hold one's breath 屏住呼吸     We held our breath in fear.
4) catch hold of 抓住     Catch hold of this rope.
59.honour  n.荣誉，光荣，vt.尊敬；给予荣誉；纪念
They used to honor their ancestors, celebrate their past, and the group or society they lived in. (SB 1B p l1)
The festival honors both the living and the dead. (SB 1 B p 13)
1) have the honor (of) 有幸……，荣幸地
May I have the honor of your company at dinner?
I have the honor to inform you that....
2) in honor of 为了（纪念或表示尊敬而举行某活动）
It is only a dance in honor of my birthday.
60.imagine  vt．想象，设想
imagine doing（后跟动名词或动名词复合结构）
I can't imagine lying like that. I would go crazy.
Can you imagine me (my) being so stupid?
61.inform  vt．告诉，通知
1) inform sb. of 告诉（通知）某人某事
Andrew returned to the room and informed Mary of their decision.
2) inform against控告，告发
He went to the police and informed against the criminals.
62.intend  vt.想要，打算
intend  for（原）打算给（某人），准备让……做……
I intend these flowers for your mother, but as she is away I'd be glad if you would accept them.
The movie is intended for adults only.
63.invite   vt．邀请；招待
1) feel invited to do  感到有做……的渴望（欲望）
The buildings look like boxes with flat roofs, sharp corners and glass walls that act as mirrors. You do not feel invited to enter them. (SB 2A p 19)
2) inviting 诱人的，动人的   This food looks inviting.
64.join   vt．加入，vt.＆Vi．连接；联合
1) join in 参加（某活动） He never joined in the sports of the boys.
2) join sb. in (doing) sth．和……一起做
Will you join us in a walk?
My wife joins me in thanking you for the gift.
3) join up 把……连接起来     The electrician joined the wires up.
65.judge  n．法官；裁判，vt．判断，断定
1) judge by 从……来判断，从……来看 People still judge a man by the company he keeps．用……衡量，从……看（judge多用分词形式）Judged by the ordinary standards, he was reliable.／Judging by the look on his face he doesn't think much of our local wine.
2) judge from 从……看，根据……可以看出 Judging from what you say, he ought to succeed. / Judging from the number of the cars, he thought, there were not many people at the club yet.
66.keep  vt. link-v & vi.培养，饲养；保持；保存；继续不断
The farmers here keep cattle.
I'll keep a seat for you.
She knew she must keep calm.
1) keep going 能继续下去
This is exhausting work, but I manage to keep going.
2) keep ... going（设法）使继续生存；使继续存在
There are many recipes for simple and healthy snacks that taste great and keep us going. (SB 1B p6)
3) keep in mind 记住，放在心里
You have to be home by 11 o'clock. Keep that in mind, Bob.
67.knock  vi.＆vt．敲，打，击
1) knock about 在……无目的地旅行，漫游；到处跑，闲逛
He spent a few years knocking about (in) Europe.
There's some dirty weather knocking about. (SB 2A p79)
2) knock down 拆除；撞倒
They are going to knock down those old buildings soon.
A bus knocked her down.
3) knock into（偶然）遇到（某人）
The other day I knocked into my former principal at a party.
68.lack  vt.＆n．缺少，缺乏
We still lack the necessary information.
1) be lacking …  欠缺，缺……     Their courage is lacking.
2) be lacking in 缺乏（某种品质、特点等），不够……
He seemed to be lacking in frankness.
3) lack for 缺（多用于否定句）
As he is very rich he lacks for nothing.
69.lay   vt.＆Vi．放，搁；下（蛋），产卵
1) lay aside 搁置；积蓄
Why don't you lay that problem aside for a while and work at it later when your mind is fresher?
He lays a little money aside every week for his old age.
2) lay off（临时）解雇
The factory laid off workers because of the drop in sales.
3) lay stress  (emphasis) on 强调
It's a mistake to lay too much emphasis on grades.
70.let  vt．让，允许；出租（房子、土地等）
I asked her if she had any rooms to let.
1) let alone 更不用说，还不算 The baby can't even walk, let alone run.
2) let down 使失望，辜负   I won't let you down in any way.
3) let out 泄露；发出（叫声）
I'll never tell you another secret if you let this one out.
He let out a yell and ran home.
71.majority   n.大多数人；（投票时的）多数（可加不定冠词）
The time has come to improve the conditions of the majority of the people. The party I support has won by a majority of 264 votes.
in the majority 占多数
People who can read and write are not in the majority in some countries.
72.make  vt. 制造．做；使……
They were busy making artificial flowers.
You may take a horse to the water, but you can't make him drink.
1) make a / the difference 有关系;有影响
It is not necessary to be a great scientist to make a difference, but there are things we can learn from the best minds in this world. (SB 2Ap7)
2) make a move 开始走;出发   Ten o'clock! It's time we made a move.
3) make an end of 制止
To make an end of rumors that the house was haunted, a reporter spent the night there.
4) make believe 假装  The little girl made believe she was a princess.
5) make clear （清楚）说明;解释
Is there any other point which I can make clear?
6) make ends meet 收支平渐
Both husband and wife had to work to make ends meet.
7) make out 看清楚;理解;明白
I cannot make out whether this figure is a three or an eight.
He couldn't quite make out what it was all about.
8) make room 让地方．让位置 we'll make room for you in the back of the car.
9) make sense 有念义;有道理
Does the sentence make sense or nonsense?
Does it make sense to let little children play with matches?
10) make sure (certain) that…   表示“确定”等
I only came to make sure that everything was all right.
make sure of sth. “弄确切”
We must make sure of our facts.
跟不定式．表示“一定要”
Make sure to turn off the radio before you go out.
11) make the most of 充分利用
We must make the most of the fine weather.
12) make up 创造，编造；弥补；化妆：构成
The teacher asked the children to makeup a poem about spring.
John must make up the work he missed.
The actors were making up when we arrived.
Nine players make up a team.
73.marry  vt.（使）成婚;结婚
1) be married (to sb.)（和某人）结婚    She was married to a doctor.
2) get married 结婚       They got married last year.
74.matter  n.要紧事;要紧;事情;问题   vi.要紧;有重大关系
1) as a matter of fact 事实上;实际
I'm going there tomorrow, as a matter of fact.
2) (to) make matters worse 更糟糕的是
He got up late; to make matters worse, he missed the bus.
3) no matter who (what, when, how...)无论谁（什么/何时/怎样……）
Besides, no matter how well a poem is translated, something of the spirit of the original work is lost.(SB 2A p28)
75.mean  vi.意思是；意指
It meant that he would never be able to visit Germany again.(SB 2A p86)
1) mean to do 打算；意欲   I'm sorry, but I didn't mean to hurt you.
2) mean doing 意味着
Missing the bus means waiting for another twenty minutes.
3) mean what one says 是认真说的
He certainly meant what he said. (He was not joking.)
76.means  n.方法;手段
1) by all means（口语）当然可以“Can I see it?“ “By all means.”
2) by no means（口语）绝不一点都不 “Am I wrong?” “No, by no means.”
3) by means of 用某方法：借助于某事物
We express our feelings by means of words.
77.measure  vt; n 尺寸;（复）措施
1) This room measures 10 metres across.
2) take measures (to do sth.）采取措施（做某事）
We should take measures to reduce pollution.
3) make... to one's measure 依照某人的尺寸做
The clothes will be made to your own measure.
78.mercy  n.怜悯
1) at the mercy of  在……支配下  The ship was at the mercy of the storm.
2) have mercy on / upon  对……表示怜悯
Many of us have mercy on the poor people living in Africa.
79.mind  v.介意;关心 n.是想．想法
1) keep / bear sth. in mind 记在心头  Keep these safety tips in mind.
2) be in two minds  拿不定主意;犹豫
They were in two minds whether to go or to stay.
3) be of the same mind 想法相同  I'm of the same mind as you are about this.
4) make up one's mind 打定主意;决定
They made up their minds to finish the task ahead of time.
5) set one's mind on 决心（做某事）
Jack has set his mind on going to college next year.
6) mind one's own business 少管闲事
I became sick of him and told him to mind his own business.
7) mind you 你要知道;请注意  I didn't make a definite promise, mind you.
8) never mind 不要紧，别介意   Never mind! I can do this by myself.
9) Would you mind doing...?  劳驾……  Would you mind closing the window?


[ 本帖最后由 岁月的童话 于 2007-3-29 18:27 编辑 ]

岁月的童话

高 考 必 备 词 汇 辅 导(4)
80.mistake  n.错误v．弄错
1) mistake…for… 把……认错     I mistook her for her sister.
2) by mistake 错误地      I took your umbrella by mistake.
3) there is no mistaking 毫无疑问
There is no mistaking that he is the biggest fool I've met.
81.moment  n．片刻;瞬间
1) at any moment 随时    He'll be here at any moment.
2) at the moment 现在;此刻     I'm busy at the moment.
3) for the moment 暂时
The cancer in my body has been defeated for the moment, but I know that I will never be completely free from it. (SB 2A p55)
4) in a moment 立即;马上      I'll be back in a moment.
5) the moment＋从句 “一……就……” I'll call you the moment I come back.
82.name  n.名字;姓名;名称;命名;名叫
1) by／of the name of 名叫……
Once upon a time, there lived a man by the name of Joe Beef.
Do you know a person of the name of Smith?
2) call sb. names 骂人
They lost their tempers easily and called one another names.
3) in the name of 以……的名义
The prime minister spoke in the name of the king.
4) name after 按……命名  They named the girl Gwen after her mother.
83.near  adj．近的 adv.附近;邻近    prep.在……附近;靠近
1) a near escape 九死一生（=a narrow escape）  
He had a near escape in that big fire.
2) come / go near doing 几乎，差一点    He came near drowning.
3) far and near 到处   People came from far and near to hear him speak.
84.no  adv．不;不是   adj.没有;无;不
1) no doubt 毫无疑问  No doubt Susan was the smartest girl in her class.
2) no longer = not any longer不再
For people who do go out to shops, shopping is no longer just a necessity.
3) no sooner ... than  刚……就
No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.
4)  (It is) no wonder (that) 难怪
It's no wonder  (that) the children love to visit the farm.
85.notice  n.布告;通知;注意    vt. 注意;注意到
1) come to sb's notice 引起某人的注意
It has come to my notice that some students are skipping lessons.
2) take notice of 注意    Take notice of the road signs!
86.object   n.＆v. 物件;东西；反对;不喜欢
object to 反对，不喜欢
Then she asked me to give up smoking---she objected to the smell of it.
87.occupy  vt.占用；占领
1) be occupied 有事干;忙  
For three days Philip was occupied from morning till night.
2) be occupied in／with 忙于（某事）
He was occupied in／with writing letters.
3) occupy oneself with／in 忙于（某事）
Having retired from business, he now occupies himself with his garden.
88.occur  vi．发生；出现
At the beginning of June an event occurred.
“E” occurs in print more often than any other letter.
occur to（某想法）出现在脑中;想到
That view of the case did not occur to me before.
89.Often   adv.经常;常常
1) as often as 每次;每当
As often as I tried to phone him the line was engaged.
2) every so often 不时地;偶尔
It was hot work, but every so often Susan would bring us something cold to drink.
3) more often than not 经常
Ben is a fairly good runner. He wins more often than not.
4) all too often 时常
All too often, global development means that rich people get richer while the poor get poorer. (SB 2A p68)
90.once  n. adv.＆Conj．一次；一度;从前;一旦
1) all at once 突然;同时（一道）
“We have done it, Sir,” he whispered. “Wind fell all at once.”
2) once and for all 一劳永逸地;永远地
We shall settle it now, once and for all.
3) once in a while 偶尔，有时
They go out together once in a while but not very often.
91.only  adj.＆adv．唯一的;仅有的;仅仅;只;才
1) one and only 独一无二的    He is my one and only friend.
2) if only …但愿（句中用虚拟语气）  If only the weather were fine!
3) not only … but (also)…   不但…… 而且……
Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily.
4) only too 非常    I shall be only too pleased to come.
92.oppose  vt．反对；反抗
1) as opposed to 和……相对
It happened in the late afternoon as opposed to the evening.
2) be opposed to 反对;不赞成；不合;相反
I had no idea that your husband was opposed to my visits.
This sort of thing is utterly opposed to all my principles.
93.pain  n.疼痛．疼
1) in pain 疼痛．痛苦
Because the passenger was in so much pain, I hurried over to him and tried to lift him out of the car. (SB 2Ap134)
2) take pains to do sth. 极力;费事;下工夫
I'm grateful because you have taken pains to show me how to do the work.
94.part   n. adj. & v．部分 ;成分；角色；零部件；局部的；部分的；分离；分开；分割
1) for one's part 就……来说   For my part, I am against the plan.
2) in part 部分地；在某种程度上
The house is finished in part.
Tom was only in small part responsible.
3) play a ... part in 起……的作用
The teacher plays a very active part in this type of classroom activity.
4) take sb's part 支持某人
In family quarrels, he always takes his sister's part.
95.pass  v．传;递；经过；通过
1) let pass 放过;不追究    Bill was rude, but let it pass.
2) pass away 去世          He passed away at eighty.
3) pass down 传下来   The skill has been passed down over four generations.
96.pay  v.＆n．付钱;给……报酬；工资
1) pay a call／visit (to) 访问，拜访
Perhaps I shall pay a visit to England this winter.
2) pay attention (to) 注意 You should pay more attention to your health.
3) pay back 偿还：抱复
He paid the money back promptly.
I'll pay them back for this treatment.
4) pay sth. off 偿还清   All his outstanding debts have been paid off.
97.pick  v.拾起;采集；挑选
1) pick and choose 挑剔;挑挑拣拣
We had to find a flat in a hurry there was no time to pick and choose.
2) pick out 选出；认出
You can pick out the important bits, for it is one thing to write a letter, another to write history, one thing to write to a friend, another to write for the public.  (SB 2A p76)
Can you pick your brother out from that group of people?
3) pick up 拾起;拿起  Please pick up all these pieces of paper.;通过实践学会（外语,技木等）He picked up French while he was staying in Paris.;接（某人）上车 I'll pick you up on the corner at three; don't be late.：继续（讲故事;谈话;友谊等） The class picked up the story where they had left off before the holiday.
98.place  n.＆vt．地方;处所；放置;安置;安排
1) give place to 让位给     Old methods must give place to new.
2) in place of 代替   
The Chinese use chopsticks in place of knives and forks.
3) in the first place 首先
Despite the incredible success of her media company, she has not forgotten what made her want to be a journalist in the first place. (SB 2A p92)
4) take one's place 入座;取得地位
Take your place, please, we are about to start.
5) take place 发生  The accident took place only a block from his home.
6) take the place of 代替（职务或工作等）;接替
My brother is ill, and I've come to take his place.
99.play  v.＆n.玩：打（球）；游戏；播放；玩耍;戏剧
1) play on words 使用双关语，说俏皮话等
The language of much advertising consists of playing elaborately on words.
2) play a trick／joke on sb 捉弄某人;开某人玩笑
The two children planned to play a trick on their parents.
3) play with 玩;玩弄
More than any other form of literature, poetry plays with sounds, words and grammar. (SB 2A p27)
100.pleasure  n.高兴;愉快;乐趣
1) at one's pleasure 随某人的意愿 You may go or stay at your pleasure.
2) my / our / a pleasure（客套语）是我（们）高兴做的事;别客气
“Thank you for helping me.” “My pleasure (It was a pleasure).”
3) with pleasure 愉快地;高兴地  As soon as I went in, Katherine cried out with pleasure.；没问题．可以（用在客气的答语中）“Will you take this along to the office for me?” “With pleasure.”
101.point  v.＆n.指;指向；点;分数
1) at this / that /one point 在这个（某个）时候（地方）
At this point the cars stopped.
The largest island is called Britain, which is separated from France by the English Channel, which at one point is only 20 miles wide. (SB2A p35)
2) come to the point 谈正题;谈主要问题
As I was in a hurry I asked him to come to the point at once.
3) in point of 从……上看;就……来说
In point of cost, the first plan is better.
4) to the point 中肯;切题  Your advice was very much to the point.
5) point out 指出;使注意
Can you point out the church in this picture?
He pointed out that the road was not safe in winter.
102.prefer  v.宁愿（选择）;更喜欢
1) prefer…rather than… 宁愿……而不愿……
I prefer to walk there rather than go by bus.
2) prefer…to… 喜欢……而不喜欢（胜过……）
I prefer the town to the country.
103.purpose  n．目的;意图
1) for the purpose of 为了……目的
Did you come to London for the purpose of seeing your family?
2) on purpose 故意地    She did that on purpose, of course.
104.put   vt.摆;放
1) put aside 放下;存蓄
He put aside his notebook and talked to me.
John puts ten dollars aside every week.
2) put back 放还原处;推迟
Put the dictionary back on the shelf.
The meeting has been put back till next week.
3) put down 放下;写下;镇压
Put down these examples.
The rebellion was put down by the troops.
4) put forward 提出   Are you serious inputting forward such a view?
5) put in 插嘴;花费时间;安装
She put in a good word for me with that company.
He put in an hour a day reading.
6) put into practice 实行 The plan will soon be put into practice.
7) put through 接通电话;通过;经历;完成
You've put him through a lot of pain.
8) put up 举起;搭建;张贴;住宿  We put up for the night at a farmhouse.
9) put up with 忍受      I simply couldn't put up with her.
105. advice n.忠告，劝告，建议
1)不可数名词，一条建议要说 a piece of advice.
2)表示商业中的消息、报告时，可用复数形式。如：
Advices from China show that there will be no war.
3)与advice有关的名词性从句中要用虚拟语气。如：
His advice is that we (should)leave at once．
其他表命令、建议、要求的名词也有同样用法，如suggestion, order, demand, request等。

岁月的童话

高 考 必 备 词 汇 辅 导(5)
106. affair  n．事，事情
affair作单数讲时泛指事情=matter; event作复数讲时既可以指个人事物personal affairs，也可以指国事、国务 state affairs／world affairs.
词语辨析：表示“事件”的词还有 accident, incident, happening，但accident强调意外的事 a traffic accident; incident 通常指小事件。an ordinary incident; happening 常用复数，指发生的事 some strange happenings.
107. audience  n．观众，听众
强调整体时谓语动词用单数，强调成员时谓语动词用复数。如：
It was late, but the audience was increasing.
The audience were very excited by the show.
同样用法的词还有crew, class, family, team, group, government, majority等。
108. bit  n.一点，一些，少量的
词语辨析：a bit和a little都表“一点”，在肯定句中区别不大，但在否定句中意思有很大差别，not a bit=not at all表示“一点也不，根本不”； not a little= very much表示“很，非常”。After the long journey, I was not a bit tired．长途旅行之后，我一点也不累。I was not a little tired．我累坏了。
109. cattle n．牛（总称），家畜
1)集合名词，谓语动词只能用复数，同类的词还有people, police, youth等。如：The cattle are eating on the grassland.
2)“一头牛”要说 a head of cattle.
110. cause n．起因，原因
词语辨析：cause和reason都表原因，但cause指起因，着重指导致某种结果（或客观存在）的原因；reason指理由，强调在逻辑推理上导引出的结果，有较强的主观性。如：The cause of the fire is not known. / Give me your reasons for refusing.
111. chief n．头领;领导
特别注意：以-f或-fe 结尾的词，复数形式多变f为v再加-es，如leaf-leaves, life-lives, wife-wives；但也有一些直接加-s，如roofs, cliffs, proofs, chiefs, gulfs, beliefs, serfs.而handkerchief两种变法都可以,handkerchiefs或 handkerchieves。此处有一个口诀帮助大家记忆：海湾(gulfs）悬崖（cliffs）房顶（roofs)上，首领（chiefs）农奴（serfs）遥相望，谁说他们没信念（beliefs），证据（proofs）就在手帕（hand-kerchiefs）上。
112. cloth n．布料
词语辨析：cloth, clothes, clothing, dress这几个词都和衣服有关，cloth是指布、衣料，不可数，如a piece of cloth，但当表示有某种具体用途的布时，是可数名词，如a tablecloth; clothes为复数名词，是身上各种服装的总称，谓语动词用复数，如：She often wears beautiful clothes.,; clothing是物质名词，意为“衣服、衣着”，是服装的总称，包括帽子、鞋袜等，谓语动词用单数，如：This shop sells women's clothing.“一件衣服” 要说an article / apiece of clothing; dress多指女裙，如：My sister is wearing a red dress.
113. congratulation n．祝贺
特别注意：常用于词组congratulations on sth．中，此时congratulation常用复数。
114. cost n.价格
词语辨析：cost, price, charge, expense均表示花费，但cost强调某物或做某事所付出的一切费用及时间、劳力等代价；price是指卖主所要求的价格；charge侧重指服务后所要的费用；expense常用复数，尤指求学、旅行、战争等大量的花费、支出。
115. custom n．风俗，习惯
特别注意：customs海关，关税。请注意一些名词后面加-s之后语义发生的变化，如：good好处-goods货物，interest兴趣一interests利益、利息，manner方式一manners礼貌，paper纸，papers文件，time时间-time，时代，look看一looks外貌，brain大脑一brains智力，green绿色-greens绿色蔬菜
116. difficulty n．困难．费力
特别注意：泛指困难时是不可数名词，尤其是在词组have difficulty (in) doing sth．中；而指具体的难题、难事、困难时是可数名词。如：I have the courage to overcome every difficulty.
117. dozen n．十二个；许多
特别注意：dozen有和其他数词一样的用法，如two (some, several, a few, many)dozen eggs / dozens of eggs；但如被修饰的名词前有指示代词或物主代词等词时，前面要加of,如two dozen of these / those / the / my eggs.
118. earth n.地球；土;泥；大地
词语辨析：earth, soil, field, ground, land均指土地，但earth强调的是地球表层的物质，是区别于天空和海洋的土地；soil强调适宜耕种的肥沃的土壤；field强调室外空地、田野、战场、运动场，也可指抽象意义上的“领域”；ground强调坚实的地面；land是指与水域相对的陆地。
119. exercise n．锻炼；做操；练习，习题特别注意：当“锻炼”讲时是不可数名词，如take exercise;当“做操；练习，习题”讲时是可数名词，如do morning exercise，做早操 /math exercises数学练习。
120. experience n．经验；经历
特别注意：当“经验”讲时是不可数名词，如life experience;当“经历”讲时是可数名词，如：He told us his experiences abroad.
121. fish n．鱼，鱼肉
特别注意：1 )fish是单复数同形名词，a fish 一条鱼／many fish许多条鱼；同类的词还有：Chinese, Japanese, means, works, sheep, deer, aircraft（飞机），series（系列）等。
2）若表示不同种类的鱼时，可以变复数，如：The paper is about many freshwater fishes.
122. fun n．有趣的人或事；娱乐，玩笑
特别注意：1）不可数名词，如：He is fun.／What fun it is to swim in the river!
2）常用词组：have fun玩得高兴／for fun开玩笑／make fun of取笑
123. furniture n.（总称）家具
特别注意：不可数名词，一件（一套）家具要说a piece (a set) of furniture.
124. glass n.玻璃杯．玻瑞；（复数）眼镜特别注意：以glasses“眼镜”为例的一类名词常以复数形式出现（表示成对的），如：trousers, scissors剪刀，shorts短裤，pants裤子，scales天平。
125. hair n．头发
特别注意：指（全部）头发时不可数，如：He has white hair.；指几根头发时可数，如a few grey hairs.
126. income n．收入，所得
词语辨析：income, pay, salary, wage都和收入有关，但income泛指各种收入和进款；pay一般用以指雇主定期付给的工资，尤指军晌及政府工作人员的工资；salary指白领工作者，尤指脑力劳动者的年工资；wage指体力劳动者的收入，通常是按星期（日）发放的现款。
127. jewelry n.(总称)珠宝
词语辨析：jewelry不可数名词，一件珠宝饰物要说a piece of jewelry;而jewel宝石，是可数名词。
128. lack n．缺乏．短缺
特别注意：不可数名词，常以单数形式出现，常用词组a lack of water / money / supply.
129. moment n.瞬间，片刻
特别注意：the moment, the day, the time, the minute等名词可以直接引导状语从句，表示“一……就……”。如：I'll call you the moment I come back.
130. news n．新闻．消息
特别注意：不可数名词，几条消息要说items / pieces / bits of news。这类形似复数实为单数的名词还有politics, physics等。
131. noise n．声音，噪声。喧闹声
词语辨析：noise, voice, sound均指声音，noise是指噪音、吵闹声；voice是指人说话或唱歌的声音；sound是指人能听到的任何声音，包括自然界的声音。
132. pain n.疼痛，疼
特别注意：pain的单数形式表示“疼痛”，如：I have a pain in my head.;复数形式表示“努力，辛苦”，如：No pains, no gains．不劳无获。/ spare no pains不遗余力/ take pains尽力
词语辨析：pain, ache, hurt均表疼痛，但pain是一般用语，泛指身体或精神上的痛苦，可长可短，可轻可重，可全面可局部；;ache指局部和持续的隐隐之痛，常用于复合词中，如toothache, headache, stomachache, backache; hurt多指肉体上的外伤或精神和感情上的伤害，如：The hurt to her feelings is more serious than the hurt in her body.
133. pleasure n.高兴．愉快
特别注意：当“快乐、乐趣”讲时常作不可数名词，如read for pleasure；但表“乐事、快事”时作可数名词，如：It's been a pleasure meeting you．抽象名词或物质名词具体化变为可数名词的例子还有：Have a good time. /You gave me a big surprise. / We had many rains this year. / She 'is really a beauty.
134. population n人口，人数
特别注意：常用句型有：What is the population of China?／China has a population of 1.3 billion. / The population of this city is increasing fast. /,China is a developing country with a large population. / The population of this area is mostly farmers.
135. quantity n.量，数
特别注意：a quantity of / quantities of既可修饰可数名词，又可修饰不可数名词，但后面的谓语动词应和quantity的单复数形式相同。如：A large quantity of apples is sold every year. / Large quantities of coal are used every year.
136. reply n．回答．答复
词语辨析：reply和answer：都表“回答”，answer泛指口说或笔答的答复；reply指较正式的、经过思考之后的答复。两者作名词时后面都要跟介词to，如the answer to a question /the reply to sb.
137. success n.成功
特别注意：success，常作不可数名词；作可数名词用时指“成功的人或事”，如：He is a great success.
138. suggestion n．建议
特别注意：其后的表语从句和同位语从句中的谓语部分要用“(should) do”形式。如：His suggestion is that we (should) start at 5 in the morning.类似用法的名词还有：advice, proposal, order, demand, idea等。
139. tour n.参观，观光，旅行
特别注意：tour, travel, journey, voyage, trip都指“旅行”，但tour常指为了游玩而到几个地方观光的（长途或短途）旅行；travel常指长距离或国外旅行（可数或不可数名词）；journey常指长距离的陆地旅行（可数名词）；voyage常指海上或空间旅行（可数名词）;trip常指短距离的旅行、远足。
140. way n．路，路线；方式，手段
特别注意：way后面可加to do sth. / of doing sth.；加从句时引导词要用in which, hat或什么都不用。如：Can you tell me the way (in which / that) you solved the problem?.
词语辨析：1)指“路”时way为最普通用语；road指通车辆的宽广平坦的大路；path指靠走出来的人行小道；route指从此处通向彼处的“道路，路线，航程”。
2)作“方法”解时way为最普通用语；method往往指具体的方式方法；manner含义广泛，有时兼有way和method的含义。
141. work n．工作，劳动，事情
特别注意：不可数名词；works指 “（全部）著作”，如 Shakespeares' works莎士比亚的全部作品。相同用法的词还有means（方法）。
词语辨析：work指工作时是不可数名词；job指工作、职业，为可数名词。
142. accept vt.接受，认可
特别注意：vt.接受；录取。例如：The college I applied to has accepted me.
词语辨析：accept和receive: accept指主观接受，receive指客观收到。例如：Susan received a letter of invitation from John, but she didn't accept it.
143. advise vt.劝告，忠告，，告，建议
特别注意:advise doing sth. / advise sb. to do sth.建议（某人）干某事
同类用法的词还有：permit, allow, forbid doing sth.／sb. to do sth.
144. afford vi.提供，给予，供应得起
特别注意：常与can或could连用。例如：
I'd love to go on a holiday but I can't afford the time.
145. agree vi.同意，赞成……的意见，与……一致，承认，适合；vt.同意
1）适合。例如：Spicy food does not agree with me.
2) 与某人的意见完全一致。例如：I couldn't agree more.
词语辨析：agree on sth. 双方或多方达成一致．后接 plan, contract, agreement等。
agree to sth.同意别人提出的观点等．后接 proposal, suggestion, arrangement等。
agree with sb. / sb.'s opinion / what sb. said 同意某人的观点、意见、所说的话等.
146. appreciate vt.赏识，鉴赏，感激
特别注意：1)后面接动名询。例如：We shall appreciate hearing from you again.
2) 理解．体会。例如:I appreciate your reasons for objecting the proposal.
147. attend v．出席，参加；照顾，护理；处理，对付
1）上(学,课，教堂）。例如：attend a law school／attend two lectures / attend church
2）照顾。例如：I have a good doctor attending (on) me.
3） vi.专心。例如：Attend to your work and stop talking.
词语辨析：attend出席会议或婚礼。例如：attend the meeting / her wedding; take part in常指参加集会或活动，并在其中发挥积极作用。例如：take part in the Olympics /a race /the demonstration. join常指参加某一党派、组织、团体并成为其中一员，当与in连用时可指参加某种活动。例如：join the Party；join in the game：join us in singing
148. avoid vt.避免，消除
特别注意：后面接动名词而不能接不定式。例如：You must avoid seeing her.
149. bear (bore, borne / born) v.负担，忍受
特别注意：后面接动名词或不定式均可。例如：He couldn't bear to live / living here.
词语辨析：bear, stand, endure是同义词．多数情况下可以互换使用。bear和stand较常用，endure愈是强一些。例如：I can't bear／stand / endure such hot weather.
150. beat (beat, beaten) v．打，打败
词语辨析：beat, defeat和win都有 “击败，打败”之意，但beat和defeat后常常接人物或团队（如their team, the enemy等）．而win的宾语常常是表示比赛之类的词．如the game, the match, the battle等。
151. become (became, become) vi.变成，成为，变得
特别注意.1) 可以作及物动词使用．意为 “适合”。例如：Her new hat certainly become her.
2) becomes of sb.／sth．某人（某事）情况如何。例如：What will become of my child if I die?
152. blame vt.责备，谴责
特别注意：blame这一动词常常以主动形式表被动含义。例如：Who is to blame?（谁应该受到贵备？）
同样用法的词还有：The house is to let.／The reason is not far to seek.
153. break (broke, broken) v．打破，违犯，折断
词语辨析：break up（物理）分解．分裂，（婚姻．合作关系等）结束，驱散（人群）；天晴。例如：The ship was broken up for scrap metals.
break down损坏，（物理或化学）分解．（汽车）抛锚，（谈判）失败；（身体．情感）变恶劣；消除。例如：(1) The telephone system has broken down. (2) Negotiations between the two sides have broken down.
break off打断 ,折断，中断（与某国的外交关系），停止（讲话），解除（婚约）。例如：The back section of the plane have broken off.
154. catch (caught, caught) v．捕获；赶上（车船等）；接住；感染（疾病）
特别注意：1)catch sb. doing sth.碰上，撞上（某人做某事）。例如：The teacher caught the boy cheating.
2) be caught in sth,．突然碰上（风暴等）。例如：He was caught in the rain／storm / traffic jam.
3)catch on受欢迎。例如：The song caught on and was sung and played everywhere.
155. change vt.改变，变化；更换，兑换
词语辨析：change into 变为;换成
如：change ice into water,/ change this pence into five tens
change for 交换。例如：change that shirt for a larger one
156. charge v.要求收费，索价；将（电池）充电
特别注意：还有“控诉”之意．常用于搭配 charge sb. with a crime中。
辨析：charge和pay的区别在于：charge是货主向顾客收钱． pay指顾客向货生付钱。例如：
（1）He charged me $20 for repairing my car.
（2）I paid $20 for having my car repaired.
157. compare v．比较，相比，比喻
特别注意：1) compare to和compare with都有“比较”之意．但compare to还有 “比喻”之意。
2) compared to  (with)固定结构作状语。例如：Compared to(with) him, I'm really lucky．
158. consider vt.考虑，认为
特别注意：consider当“认为”讲时后面接动词不定式；当“考虑”讲时后面接动名词。例如：(1) We consider him to be a great leader. (2) He never considered going abroad.
159. cover vt.覆盖，遮盖，掩盖
特别注意：1)报导。例如：The best reporters were sent to cover the war.
2)走完（一段路），看完（多少页书）。例如：They covered twenty pages yesterday.
3)谈到，涉及。例如：The discussion covered a wide range of subjects.
160. dare v．＆aux.（后接不带to的不定式；主要用于疑问、否定或条件句）敢，敢于
特别注意：1)作情态动词有过去式的变化，过去式为dared。例如：How dared they do such a thing?
2）习语“I dare say”表示“我揣测，或许，可能”。例如：I dare say he will come.
161. demand vt.要求
特别注意：后面跟that从句时从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用（should） do形式。同样用法的动词还有：suggest, order, propose, command,  request, desire, insist等。例如：I demand／suggest／order／insist／propose／command／desire that John  (should) go thereat once.
162. devote vt.把……奉献，把……专用（于）
特别注意：1）词组devote ... to中的to是介词。2 ) devote的宾语常常是oneself, one's time, one's life, one's energy等。例如：He devoted most of his life to teaching.
163. divide vt.分，划分，除
词语辨析：divide into是指把一个整体分成若干部分；separate from是指把本来结合在一起、混合在一起的东西隔开。例如：(1) The teacher divided the class into six groups.  (2) Please separate the good apples from the bad ones.

岁月的童话

高 考 必 备 词 汇 辅 导(6)
164. doubt vt.怀疑，疑惑
特别注意：在否定句及疑问句中可跟that引导的从句，在肯定句中跟if或whether引导的从句。例如：(1) Do you doubt that he will win? (2) I don't doubt that he will win.(3) I doubt if（whether） he will win.
165. dress vt.穿衣。穿着
特别注意：dress的宾语是人而非衣服。dress oneself / sb．意为“穿衣服或给某人穿衣服”。
词语辨析：dress, put on, pull on, try on均可表穿的动作，dress的宾语是人，而其它词组用衣物作宾语。
wear, have on, be in, be dressed in表穿着的状态，wear的语意比较多，可指“穿衣，戴帽，戴首饰，留发，蓄须”等；have on不能用于进行时；be in, be dressed in可以跟表示颜色的词作宾语。
166. enter vt.进入
特别注意：1)参加。例如：You can send an application to enter the contest.
2)  enter for sth．报名参加。例如：How many students have been entered for the exam?
3) enter into sth．开始讨论；着手处理。例如：Let's not enter into details at this stage.
167. escape vt.＆vi.逃跑，逃脱
特别注意：后面跟动名词。例如：There is no way to escape doing the work.
168. expect vt.预料，盼望，认为
特别注意:expect, believe, think, suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，即，其谓语结构为should＋动词原形（或完成形式）。例如：I never expected that the problem should be so complicated.
词语辨析：1) expect和wait: expect重在强调心理上的期待；而wait是指行为动作上不干其它的事，而专一地等待。例如：I'll expect  you for supper at six o'clock sharp.
2) expect, hope和wish: expect指希望或预期某事有可能将发生，常常用于好事，也可以用于坏事；hop。着重指盼望、主观上期待好的或有利的结果，相信这种愿望会实现，其后面不能接动词不定式作宾补（即，不说hope sb. to do sth.); wish常表示一种心愿和渴望，发生的可能性不是很大，其后的从句要用虚拟语气。例如：I wish I were taller.
169. explain v.解释，说明，辩解
特别注意：explain后面不能带双宾语，不能说explain sb. sth.，只能说explain sth. to sb.
170. feel (felt, felt) v.＆link verb感觉，觉得，摸，触
特别注意：1) feel, taste, smell, look, sound等感官类系动词作谓语时不用被动语态，也不用于进行时，后面接形容词作表语。例如：(1) This kind of cloth feels soft. (2) The story sounds interesting.
2) feel like doing想要……，感觉要例如：
I don't feel like going to the movie.
171. find (found, found) vt.发现，找到;感到
特别注意：find后常跟名词、形容词、现在分词、过去分词、副词、介词短语和不定式的复合结构。例如：He found the job unsatisfactory／the door closed／her crying／the boy to be dishonest.
词语辨析：1) find和find out: find指发现或找到（某个具体的东西）；而find out是指通过观察、探索弄明白某个事实或真相。例如：We must find out the truth of this matter.
2) find, discover和invent: find是指找到原有的或丢失了的东西；discover是指发现客观存在但不为人所知的事物，尤指科学发现；invent一般指发明原来没有的东西。
172. gain vt.赢得，挣得
特别注意：gain可以用来指表走得快（反义词是lose）。例如：The clock gains five minutes a day.
词语辨析：gain, earn, win和get: gain指通过实践或艰苦的努力而得到。例如：gain happiness / experience／a prize / several victories; earn是指通过工作赚钱或因成就、行为等得到（应得的事物）。例如：earn $10 by selling newspapers / earn respect; win是指因战斗、比赛、竞争中获胜而得到，或指因努力或坚持而得到。例如：win first prize / win support; get是泛指“得到”。
173. give (gave, given) vt.给，递给，付出，给予
词语辨析：1) give away和give out: give away有“分发，颁发；泄露”的意思；而give out是“用完，筋疲力尽；分发，散发（光、热、声音等）”。
2) give up和give in :give up是“放弃”，后面可接动名词；give in是“屈服，让步。
174. insist vt.坚持，坚持认为
特别注意：如表示坚持一个意见时，insist后面的从句要用虚拟语气。例如：He insisted that we should leave at once．如果表示坚持说一个事实时，insist后面的从句用陈述语气。例如：The old woman insisted that she had seen the thief.
175. keep (kept, kept) v．保持，继续不断vt.培育，饲养
特别注意：1) keep可以用作不及物动词，表示“保持住（不坏）”。例如：Meat doesn't keep in hot weather.
2) keep后常跟形容词、现在分词、过去分词、副词和介词短语的复合结构。例如：(1) He kept the door open／his eyes shut／her waiting／his things in order／the dog out.
词语辨析：keep out意为“使……不进入某一范围”。例如：keep the wind out of the window; keep away (from)意为“远离某一事物，使离开”。例如：keep away from the fire; keep off表示“勿踏，勿踩，勿摸”，强调不接触。例如：Keep off the grass!
176. lie v．①撒谎②躺，卧，平放③位于
特别注意：当“撒谎”讲时，其过去式、过去分词分别为lied, lied，现在分词为lying;当“躺，位于”讲时，其过去式、过去分词分别为lay, lain，现在分词为lying.
词语辨析：lay vt．意为“放，搁，产卵”，其过去式、过去分词为laid, laid，现在分词为laying.
177. marry v.（使）成婚，结婚
特别注意:1) marry和get marred是非延续性动词。如果要表示结婚已有一段时间，应该用be married。例如：She has been married for two years.
2)表示“和某人结婚”，marry后不能跟with连用，只能用to或不用任何介词。例如：She was married to a doctor. (She married a doctor.)
178. mean (meant, meant) vt.意思是，意指
特别注意：1) mean to do意为“意欲，打算”;mean doing意为“意味着”。
2）mean, intend, hope, plan, want, think等动词的过去完成时可以用来表示一个本来打算做而没有做的事。例如：I had meant to call on you last night, but I had an unexpected visitor.
179. mind v．介意，关心
特别注意：1)后面要接动名词。例如：Would you mind my (me) smoking?
2)注意两个句型的区别：Do you mind if I smoke?／Would you mind if I smoked?
3)在回答上述两个句型时，Yes表示“介意”,No表示“不介意”。
180. need aux. & v.需要，必须
特别注意：1) need既可以作情态动词（多用于否定句和疑问句），又可以作实义动词。
2）当need, want, require三个词的主语是物时，后面可以加动名词或动词不定式的被动式作宾语。The house needs / wants / requires cleaning (to be cleaned).
3) needn't have done表示“本没有必要做某事而实际上做了某事”，而didn't need to do意为“根本没有必要做某事（事实上未做）”。
181. notice vt.注意。注意到
特别注意：I )notice, see, hear, feel等感官动词和使役动词have, make, let以及动词find后面如用动词不定式作宾补要省略to，变被动语态作主补时一般要补出to。如：
I noticed a man enter the house. / A man was noticed to enter the house.
2) notice sb do sth看到某人做了某事；notice sb doing sth看到某人正在做某事。如：
Did you notice him come in / coming in?
182. occur vi.发生
词语辨析：occur, happen和take place都表示“发生”，相同之处在于都应该用物或事情作主语，且是不及物动词。区别在于：take place 较正式，常用来指按计划发生的事或较大型的事件：The meeting took place yesterday afternoon. happen重在强调偶然发生；occur指事件偶然发生时可以和happen互换：The traffic  accident  happened   (occurred)  on Wednesday．另外，occur还可以指某种思想突然浮现在心头：A good idea occurred to me.
183. pay (paid, paid) v．付钱，给……报酬
词语辨析：1) pay, cost, spend, take这一组词表“花费”，take, cost要用物或it作主语，take多指花费时间，cost多指花费金钱；pay和spend常用人作主语，但pay的搭配是pay for，而spend的搭配是spend ... on sth. / in doing sth.
2) pay off和pay back: pay back的意思是“还（钱）给某人”：Have you paid back the money you owe me yet? pay off的意思是“全部偿还，付清”：pay off one's debts／loan／mortgage.
特别注意：vi．对（某人）有利或有好处：It pays to work hard before the exam.
184. persuade vt.说服，劝服
词语辨析：persuade 表示劝说的结果成功，如劝说但结果不明或不成功则用advise／try to persuade：I tried to persuade him to give up smoking, but he wouldn't listen to me.
185. practise vt.练习，实践
特别注意：1)美国英语中也可以写作practice，后面要加动名词：He often practices speaking English.
2)经常做；养成……的习惯：to practice self-restraint（培养自制力）
3）从事（医务、法律等）；执业：He's only practised dentistry for a year.
186. prefer vt.宁愿《选择），更喜欢
特别注意：1) prefer后面可以接名词、代词、不定式、动名词，或跟带不定式的复合结构。
2)喜欢……而不喜欢……：prefer A to B; prefer doing A to doing B
3 ) prefer后面接从句时，从句要用虚拟语气：She preferred that he should come early.
4)宁愿……而不愿……：prefer to do sth rather than do sth
I preferred to walk there rather than go by bus.
187. promise vt.答应，许诺
特别注意：1)后面可以加双宾语或复合结构：Promise me that you will work harder.或Promise me to work harder.
2)有希望，有……可能：This year promises a good harvest.
188. prove vt.证明
特别注意：也可以用作系动词，“结果是，原来是”：His theory proved (to be）true.
词语辨析：prove和turn out都有“结果是”的意思，但prove是指经过证实的结果，而turn out表示出乎预料的结果：She proved a good student. / He turned out to be a thief.
189. provide vt.提供
特别注意：provided或providing后加从句，固定结构作状语表示条件，相当于if: I can lend you my car providing (provided) you can return it on time.
词语辨析：provide和supply语义基本相同，都表“提供”，当人作其宾语时它们用法相同：provide / supply sb. with sth.；当物作宾语时，介词稍有不同：provide sth. for sb., supply sth. to sb.
190. raise vt.使升高，饲养
词语辨析：1) raise和rise: raise是及物动词，多指人为地举起或提升；rise是不及物动词，多指自然地上升或上涨：The national flag is raised every morning. / The river is rising after the heavy rain.
2) raise, keep和feed都有“饲养，抚养”的意思：keep表“饲养”时多为自用或消遣，如keep hens，表“抚养”时强调经济或物质上的供给，如He has a large family to keep.；feed表“饲养”或“喂养”时都强调提供食物：She has fed the chickens / the baby.；raise表“养育”时比较笼统，可指提供衣食住行和教育等多方面的条件：I was raised by my aunt on a farm.
191. reach vt.到达，伸手（脚等）够到
特别注意：vi. =extend延伸，达到：The woods reach as far as the river.
词语辨析：reach, get和arrive都表“到达”，但reach是及物动词，get和arrive都是不及物动词，注意它们不同的介词搭配：get to / arrive in（较大地方），arrive at（较小地方或具体地点）。
192. read (read, read) vt.读，朗读
特别注意：有某字样：The sign on the door reads `For Sale．/ He saw a sign reading` For Sale．
相同用法的词还有say, tell等。
193. require vt.褥求，要求
特别注意：1)后面可接不定式的被动式或动名词的主动式，用法同need, want .The room requires cleaning / to be cleaned.
2)后面接从句时，从句要用虚拟语气，与其用法相同的词还有order, demand, insist, suggest等：They require that we (should)leave at once.
194. seat vt.使就座
特别注意：1)还可以表“容纳”，相当于hold: The concert hall can seat 2000 people.
2) seat sb / oneself表动作，而be seated表状态。
词语辨析：seat和sit的区别：seat是及物动词，sit是不及物动词。另外，注意这两个词在作宾补时的不同形式：When I came in I found him seated／sitting at the back.
195. send (sent, sent) v.打发，派遗，送，邮寄
特别注意：后面可跟现在分词作宾补，表“使得”：The fire sent everyone running out of the building.
196. wound vt.伤，伤害
词语辨析：wound, hurt, damage, injure都表“伤害”，但wound多用来指外伤或战争中的刀、剑、枪伤；injure较正式，多强调意外受伤和事故中受伤；hurt在口语中常用，可以指身体上的大、小伤害，也可以指精神或感情上所受的伤害；damage强调造成的损失。
196. shall (should) v.＆aux.（表示将来）将要.会，…好吗
特别注意：1)用于第一、三人称表示征求对方意见：Shall he wait outside or shall I bring him in?
2)用于第二人称表威胁、警告、允诺、决心等语气：You shall get a gift on your birthday.   I should like to（＝ I would like to） leave tomorrow.
197. spare v.抽出《时间》，剩下，匀出
特别注意，有“免除，使不受（痛苦）”，后面可以接双宾语：I want 'to spare you all the unhappiness.
词语辨析：spare和save: spare意为留出或挤出时间做另外一件事，save意为节省或缩短做某事的时间：Can you spare some time to help me? / We took a taxi to the airport to save time.
198. stay vi.停留，逗留．呆
特别注意：可以作系动词用：The temperature has stayed hot for several days.
199. stick (stuck, stuck) vi.粘住．钉住，坚持
特别注意：1) be / get stuck使卡住，使停滞：The car got stuck in the mud／in the traffic jam.
2)常用词组stick to“坚持”，其中to是介词：He always sticks to his promise.
词语辨析：stick to和insist on都表“坚持”，但stick to是坚持原则、计划、诺言、决定、意见等；insist on是坚持做某件事：He insisted on going there alone.
200. suit vt.适合
特别注意：除指衣服、颜色、款式适合某人之外，还可以指“对（某人）方便，和（某人）心意”：Will Tuesday suit you?
201. suggest vt.建议，提议
特别注意：1）后面可以接名词、动名词或从句作宾语，一般不能接不定式或不定式的复合结构作宾语：He suggested (going out) for a walk.
2)当suggest表“建议”时，其后面的从句用虚拟语气：He suggested that we should hold a meeting soon.当suggest表“暗示，表明”讲时，其后面的从句不用虚拟语气：The smile on her face suggested she was happy.
202. take place, take sb's / sth's place和take the place of sb / sth
take place“发生”，相当于happen; take sb's／sth's place和take the place of sb / sth语意相同，都是“代替某人（某事）”。如：He couldn't attend the meeting so he asked' his assistant to take his place  (take the place of him).
203. wait vi.等，等候
特别注意：1) wait多作不及物动词使用，常用词组wait for，如果时间作宾语时，for常可省略，如wait (for) a while,
2) wait on (upon)服侍，伺候：She waits on her husband from morning till night.
204. wear (wore, worn) v.穿，戴
特别注意：1) wear的词义有很多，除了表“穿，戴”之外，还可以表佩带首饰、戴手表，如：wear a ring, wear a watch;也可以表示留着须／发：wear long hair / beard
2)作不及物动词时，可以用主动形式表被动意义，同sell, write, wash等：The cloth wears well.
3) wear out穿破，使疲惫不堪：The long walking wore me out．
205. wish vt.希望，想要，祝愿
词语辨析：1) wish和hope: wish所表示的祝愿实现的可能性不是很大，后面可以接双宾语、不定式的复合结构、从句（虚拟语气）； hope后不能接不定式的复合结构，接从句时不用虚拟语气。
2) wish和may均可表祝愿，但wish后面要接双宾语，而may则要倒装：Wish you success. /May you succeed.